Intensification process in thyme essential oil nanoemulsion preparation based on subcritical water as green solvent and six different emulsifiers

Abstract In order to alter the solubility and bioavailability of various functional lipids plant essential oils (EOs), it is possible prepare their oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsions. Thyme O/W nanoemulsions were prepared under subcritical conditions (at 120°C pressure 1.5 atm for 2 h), using Tween 20, 80, saponin, Arabic gum, xanthan sodium caseinate as emulsifiers. Results indicated that with minimum mean droplet size 11.5 12.6 nm produced 20 respectively. Moreover, polydispersity index (0.139) maximum value zeta potential (?24.5 mV) provided utilizing gum also revealed saponin had antioxidant activity based on percentage scavenging ability (40.6%) bactericidal effects against Streptococcus mutans manifested formed clear zone (diameter 21 mm). Morphological assessment all demonstrated spherical thyme nanodroplets colloidal solutions which high thermodynamic stability due surface energy level nanodroplets. This can increase applications aqueous food pharmaceutical formulations.